ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) influence international environmental negotiations when they intentionally transmit information to negotiators that alters both the negotiating process and outcome from what would have occurred otherwise. It utilises the term “NGOs” to refer to all types of organizations, as long as they are involved in international environmental negotiations. The chapter shows that there may be important differences between them that affect whether and how they exert influence. It aims to develop the framework to analyze NGO influence in international environmental negotiations may help illuminate these differences. The chapter presents a framework for analysis of NGO influence in the negotiation of international environmental agreements; most of the following discussion thus draws on the literature addressing NGOs in this domain. International environmental negotiations are a particularly interesting arena in which to consider NGO influence since treaty making is the domain of states. Findings of NGO influence in international environmental negotiations present an interesting empirical puzzle.
