ABSTRACT
Genetic enhancement is seen by many critics as a serious threat to society. This chapter explores whether the fact that the worse-off groups in society might be hindered from enjoying the benefits of the new genetics is a good reason to oppose the development and utilization of the new techniques. It presents a (modified) Rawlsian Difference Principle that includes the benefits of the new genetic technologies among the social goods to be distributed in society is analyzed. The new genetics in the light of some objections formulated in consequentialist terms are scrutinized. The chapter discusses the feasibility of four different positions of genetic equality: as an absolute requirement; as a desirable condition; a means to securing equal opportunity for jobs and positions in society, and those who see genetic equality as instrumental to; and equality of welfare (happiness, well-being) among people.
