ABSTRACT
The application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is on the rise, with ITS technologies being implemented in cities around the world. Among the components of ITS: namely the user; the vehicle; the infrastructure; and the communications system; the combination of user and in-vehicle ITS needs further research in terms of safety implications. A number of ITS services require interaction with the system user, including in-vehicle navigation and dynamic route guidance. Depending on their design features, such systems may distract the driver, creating a safety hazard. However, other ITS technologies have been developed specifically to improve driver safety.
