ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces the International Standards Organization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) digital video coding standards, Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)-1 and MPEG-2, which are extensively used in the video industry for television broadcast, visual communications, and multimedia applications. It describes the issues related to the encoding process. The MPEG-1 video standard was completed in 1991 with the development of the ISO/IEC specification 11172, which is the standard for coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5 Mbps. It should be noted that MPEG-2 video coding has the feature of being backward compatible with MPEG-1. The MPEG coding algorithm uses a full-motion-compensated discrete cosine transform and differential pulse code modulation hybrid coding algorithm. The concealment motion vector is a new tool supported by MPEG-2. MPEG-2 video has several scalable modes, which includes Spatial scalability, Temporal scalability, signal-to-noise ratio scalability, and Data partitioning.
