ABSTRACT
This chapter examines circumstances under which measures can be implemented by the United Nation (UN) using the principles of state responsibility to support such measures. It explores the consequences of state responsibility; it will not strictly apply the principles of state responsibility or the responsibility of International Organisations (IOs). Under the principles of state responsibility and the responsibility of IOs, countermeasures are restricted to lawful measures. They must be used to induce the state to provide reparation for injury caused by the internationally wrongful Act. Withdrawal and blacklisting measures have been suggested by academics, and there has been long-term official support for the options from the UN Secretariat. Countermeasures must be used to induce compliance rather than punish the state for noncompliance. The chapter concludes that sanctioning noncompliant troop-contributing countries does not in and of itself guarantee that justice will be done.
