ABSTRACT
The chapter examines two different understandings of Yugoslavism – a political notion (with a focus on citizenship concepts in the interwar Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the post-war Yugoslav Socialist Federation) and a cultural conception (which in the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century usually included an ethnic component and, in late socialism, a more civic-minded cross-cultural identity). If civic nationalism refers to nations based on shared state citizenship rather than ethno-cultural criteria, the chapter argues that the only conception of Yugoslav identity that came close to this definition existed in the second, socialist and federal Yugoslavia (1945–1991) in the form of what we call ‘civic pluri-nationalism.’
