ABSTRACT
The search for new means of philosophical expression was begun by Nietzsche, and must be pursued today in relation to the renewal of certain other arts, such as the theatre or the cinema. The intellectual/philosopher distinction is essentially a moral one; Lyotard regards it as unethical to suppress differends, and a betrayal of one's philosophical duty. Post-Marxism has post-philosophical tendencies too, in the way that it seeks to open up Marxism to incorporate a range of theoretical positions, at least some of which would consider themselves to be post-philosophical in orientation. Against this post-philosophical tendency can be placed the work of thinkers like Habermas, in whose philosophy there is a defence of Enlightenment ideals against the post-philosophical sceptics with their turn towards paradox, aporia and the world of the unpredictable. The poststructuralist-postmodernist impatience with the Western philosophical tradition, and its 'misguided' enquiries into notions such as essence.
