ABSTRACT
Urban governance structures in each state are determined by the state laws. A state-wise comparison of compliance of state laws with the provisions in the 74th Amendment Act was undertaken by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. Empowerment of municipalities through functional devolution is an important objective of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. The creation of local self-government institutions enables the federal structure to become more participatory, inclusive and representative. In the urban landscape, there exist urban local bodies (ULBs) to provide such space for citizens in urban governance and aim at bringing about democratic decentralisation in the cities and towns of our country. Urban transport is a key component of urban infrastructure. The technical group on the estimation of housing shortage projects the total shortage of dwelling units in urban areas in 2012 to be 18.78 million units. Jawaharlal National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) renewed the focus on urban renewal and gave impetus to many urban reforms.
