ABSTRACT
Several great economists enriched their reflection with an anthropological vision, which engaged in a critical dialogue with the economy and society of their time. Karl Marx devoted to his vision of the human being the Manuscripts of 1844 and other works of the same period, some of which written with Engels. Charles Fourier has a revolutionary philosophical anthropology, which suggests a radical transformation of many aspects of society. This chapter compares the dialectic between philosophical anthropology and transformation of society in both authors. It highlights their respective criticism to human relations in the contemporary society, and the nature of the new "association" between men and women in the society they fight for and forecast. According to Marx, the liberation of Man can happen only in the classless society, established thanks to the proletarian revolution. The authors work puts forward some reflections about the importance that utopian philosophical anthropology has in our advanced capitalist society.
