ABSTRACT
The anatomical and physiological defences of the urinary tract, as well as routes that organisms use to access and travel through the system, are shown in Figure 10.1 . The majority of organisms enter via the urethra, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella Typhi and cytomegalovirus (CMV) gain access from blood through the renal artery. Eggs produced in the venules of the urogenital system by the adult female trematode, Schistosoma haematobium, are pushed through the bladder wall into the lumen.
