ABSTRACT
Subak irrigation systems have been well known since the 9th Century. These systems are managed by a Subak Association based on the Tri Hita Karana (THK) philosophy, as a faith of Balinese-Hindus based on harmony between people and nature, harmony between people and people, and harmony between human beings and God. This philosophy underlies every activity of Subak farmers. This chapter is based on a literature study to portray centuries of experience with ancient Subak irrigation system management, in which Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) was represented by three linked elements: PIM in irrigation system operation and maintenance; PIM with respect to socio-culture and economics of agriculture; PIM in light of a religious community. Subak Associations obtain financing from two sources: external budget from government grants; internal budget from fees and independent business. Subak Association had its own regulation, which was defined by democratic consensus that could be different from others, including their organizational assembly.
