ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology is an emerging field, which makes use of both the metabolites and nano-objects synthesized by living beings. Different multidisciplinary technologies, which integrate different approaches, for instance, biology together with omics, have been successfully utilized in the development of nanostructured materials. The interaction between a biological system and nanoparticles such as high diffusion rate and efficient uptake by living system, high surface–volume ratio, high biological impact because of mechanotransduction signaling and spectrum of alternative cell activities are the regulating factors of nanotechnology. This chapter shifts its focus from nanotechnology to the concept of molecular biotechnology. Molecular biotechnology is one of the emerging disciplines in nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology with the great potential to design well-defined structural nanomaterials utilizing DNA-guided materials. The exploration of the unique programmability, molecular recognition ability, and the ability to undergo strand crossovers to make artificial objects of DNA molecules dates back to 1980s, when the crystallographer Seeman emerged as the founding father of DNA nanotechnology
