ABSTRACT
Environmental toxicology draws on a number of scientific fields in its examination of the effects of chemicals upon ecological structures. However, many undergraduate and graduate students are unfamiliar with the fundamentals of what is meant by science. Scientists use a variety of models in order to describe the cause-effect relationships that are observed by observation and experiment. All models have uses and limitations, and it is critical to understand them. The plastic model is a way of representing the historical appearance of the prototype in 1967. In this regard, the model portrays color and dimensional information in a way that a photograph or written description simply cannot. Models are a fundamental part of environmental toxicology. At the most fundamental level, in vitro studies are used to model the interactions of chemicals with specific macromolecules within a cell. In the process of constructing a microcosm experiment, the environment is purposefully kept as homogenous as possible to reduce variability.
