ABSTRACT
The fluid-power systems can be studied with different tools according to the application domain. The high-level applications need a complete image of the real performances built on realistic mathematical modeling, numerical simulation, experimental identification, and extensive tests performed in real operational conditions. This chapter discusses the steady-state and dynamic behavior of the basic hydraulic components involved in flow and pressure control. It is then devoted to widest spread hydraulic components: orifices, also called restrictions, can be fixed or variable, and are used in all fluid systems for different purposes: measuring, controlling, or limiting the flow, creating a pressure drop used for controlling other devices, and so on. A wide category of fluid-power systems are supplied by a constant flow rate source. The chapter explains the influence of the valve microgeometry on the steady-state behavior of a four-way flow control valve.
