ABSTRACT
This chapter presents some of the diseases that occur in Central nervous system (CNS) and Cardiovascular system of children. It aslo presents some of the diagnostic methods. Acute disseminated encephalitis is an acute autoimmune encephalomyelitis that is usually triggered by an inflammatory response to a viral infection or a vaccination. Ataxia telangiectasia is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterised by telangiectasia, cerebellar ataxia and immunodeficiency due to a lack of lymphoid tissue. Polymicrogyria is the most common cortical developmental anomaly arising from a problem in late neuronal migration. The temporal lobe is the most epileptogenic part of the brain. About two-thirds of those with temporal lobe seizures have hippocampal sclerosis (and atrophy of the amygdala, maxillary bodies and fornix), termed 'mesial temporal sclerosis' on neuroimaging. Most Atrial septal defect (ASDs) are found in childhood, although they are usually asymptomatic in early life.
