ABSTRACT
Safe process and equipment design are essential for reducing the process safety risks and for reducing incidents. If process hazards exist, the technical information used for the process and equipment design must be understood so that process safety systems can be designed to manage the process and the equipment integrity. The design phase for processes may include bench scale research and development, applying Inherently Safer Process (ISP) designs before scale-up and piloting studies. The construction and commissioning phases include locating the facility, the fabrication and installation of the equipment, and developing operating, maintenance, and emergency response procedures. The codes and standards that are used for the equipment design must be documented, kept accurate, and kept accessible. There are four basic types of equipment directly associated with a process unit which must be selected using the guidance or requirements provided with specific codes and standards: processing, utilities, safeguarding, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
