ABSTRACT
Insufficient analysis of process risks increases the likelihood that process safety systems and safeguards will be inadequately designed and ineffective, thus increasing the likelihood of serious injuries and incidents. Proper identification and assessment of process hazards, and the evaluation and appropriate reduction of process risk, help ensure that effective process safety systems and safeguards are in place to achieve safe and reliable operations. The process hazards and risk analysis (PHRA) is designed to methodically identify, evaluate, and manage process risks. Comprehensive and current process safety information, intrinsic hazard assessments, process and equipment design, and intended operating steps and processing conditions must be available to support detailed analysis of process risks. The PHRA consists of several complementary studies such as hazards identification (HI), consequence analysis (CA), hazardous event evaluation (HEE), human factors (HF), facility siting (FS), inherently safer process (ISP), layers of protection (LOPs) and risk analysis (RA) that are briefly described in this chapter.
