ABSTRACT
Toxicity is a fairly widespread phenomenon among arthropods. Generally, venomous animals need toxins for protection and predation. Among insects, 800,000 species use venom, or so-called chemical defense. By way of venom introduction, insects are divided into several groups. Practically all venomous hymenopterans introduce their venom by stinging. Among them are bees, bumblebees, wasps, hornets, ants, and ichneumon wasps. Venomous beetles are concentrated generally in the families of blister beetles, leaf beetles, and rove beetles. The toxic substances produced by these beetles can be released from openings on legs and anal orifices. As for spiders of infraorder Araneomorphae, the species of the genus Ctenus, family Ctenidae, widespread in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world, are very venomous. The toxicity of spiders' venom is determined for mice; however, the susceptibility of a human to it is often very different.
