ABSTRACT
The ovary is affected by a diversity of primary and secondary tumors. The ovaries are a pair of oval-shaped, unevenly surfaced, grayish organs located on either side of the uterus within the broad ligament below the uterine (fallopian) tubes. Due to the presence of a wide spectrum of cell types in the ovaries, ovarian cancer is notably diverse. Ovarian cancer is responsible for specific amount of all neoplasms among women globally, and ranks fifth in incidence and sixth in mortality among all women's neoplasms (after breast, colorectum, lung, pancreas, and stomach) in Europe. Symptoms of ovarian cancer may range from abnormal uterine bleeding, abdominal pain (due to torsion, rupture, or hemorrhage), and fever to isosexual precocity in children. Staging of ovarian cancer is based on the TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) or the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system. Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors are generally treated with surgery and chemotherapy, but not radiotherapy.
