ABSTRACT
Vulvar cancer may be distinguished into two types such as Vulvar cancer type 1 and Vulvar cancer type 2 according to their likely tumorigenesis. Risk factors for vulvar cancer include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, HPV types 16 and 18 infection, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) (including low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL], high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL], and differentiated VIN), and vulvar nonneoplastic epithelial disorders (VNEDs). Vulvar cancer often has a long history of pruritus, and presents with a vulvar lump or mass, vulvar bleeding, discharge, dysuria, and pain. Differential diagnoses of vulvar cancer include VIN, condyloma, extramammary Paget disease dysplastic nevi, autoimmune and bullous disorders, Bowen disease, hypertrophic herpes simplex genitalis/pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, hypertrophic/erosive lichen planus, prurigo nodularis, and other neoplasms of the vulva. Surgical resection is the mainstay treatment for vulvar cancer. Adverse prognostic factors for vulvar cancer include older age, advanced stage at presentation, smoking, ulcerated/matted inguinal lymph nodes, clitoral involvement, increased depth of stromal invasion, lymphovascular space involvement.
