ABSTRACT
Many socialists maintain that in any general evaluation of the socialist economy account must be taken of the extraordinary increase in the productivity of labour which is to be expected. Such an increase, they assert, must follow from the fact that the antagonism between workers and entrepreneurs will have disappeared. Even Marx expected a change in the psychology of the worker under the influence of the new economic order, even though the effect of this influence would not be immediate. He expected that the members of a socialist society would become with time “socially minded”, that they would renounce the relation between reward and labour and accept the true communist principle which is expressed in the words, “everyone according to his abilities, everyone according to his needs”. Indeed, Marx connected this new social psychology with the idea of the stateless existence of the future society.
