ABSTRACT
This chapter describes Commonwealth Fund and Pilgrim Trust established by the Edward S. Harkness family; John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation; Charles Stewart Mott Foundation; John and Mary R. Markle Foundation, W. K. Kellogg Foundation; Henry Luce Foundation; Bollingen Foundation, Old Dominion Foundation, and Andrew W. Mellon Foundation established by the Mellon family, and Ford Foundation. The establishment by the Harkness through the Commonwealth Fund of the international fellowships was in a large degree a reflection of his admiration and warm feelings for Britain, his ancestral home. The great freedom and latitude of operation afforded the Guggenheim from its inception is strikingly illustrated by the gradual geographical expansion of its areas of operation. Mellon advanced his ideas on an amazing varieties of topics, including war, education, crime, religion, and others. The dominant position reached by the Ford company in the automotive industry was achieved but successful court battle over alleged violation by Ford of the patent rights of George B. Selden.
