ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses two distinct Marxisms: the philosophical communism of Marx's manuscripts of 1844, or original Marxism; and scientific socialism. The most conspicuous difference is that self-alienated man, who was the central subject of original Marxism, disappears from view in the later version. In fact, mature Marxism is a mental world from which 'man' seems to be absent. Friedrich Engels' account represents a fair summary of the genesis of original Marxism in the manuscripts of 1844. He says that the rise of mature Marxism specifically applies to original Marxism. The world's image of Marxism has been shaped by the published formulations of the doctrine. Such habitual ways of thinking tend to resist change, particularly when institutions have come into being with a vested interest in their perpetuation. Mature Marxism was perfectly proper to speak of the mature doctrine in terms applicable to original Marxism.
