ABSTRACT
The organization of the state needs a numerous and complicated bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is the sworn enemy of individual liberty, and of all bold initiative in matters of internal policy. In every bureaucracy sociologists may observe place-hunting, a mania for promotion, and obsequiousness towards those upon whom promotion depends; there is arrogance towards inferiors and servility towards superiors. Thus arises the need for a strong bureaucracy, and these tendencies are reinforced by the increase in the tasks imposed by modern organization. In the modern labor movement, within the limits of the national organizations, sociologists see decentralizing as well as centralizing tendencies at work. The tendencies to local, provincial, or regional autonomy are in fact the outcome of effective and ineradicable differences of environment. In Germany, the socialists of the south feel themselves to be divided as by an ocean from their comrades of the north.
