ABSTRACT
In 1771, when D. Jousse wrote his Traite de la justice criminelle en France, galley servitude was the punishment for forgers, thieves sentenced for the second time, and beggars for the third, among others. In the actual management of the galleys, the predominant aim was again to obtain the greatest possible benefit from the labor. England introduces the systematic transportation of criminals, a method of punishment made necessary by its colonial expansion. The purpose of the discussion is to show how the innovation in penology is analogous to galley servitude in that the need for labor power was the driving force in both cases. Until the eighteenth century, jails were primarily places of detention before trial, where the defendants often spent several months or years until the case came to an end. The gradual rise of imprisonment was implemented by the necessity for special treatment of women and for differentiation in the treatment of the various social strata.
