ABSTRACT
After the wars of Granada, the distribution of typhus from Spain to Italy, France, and thence northward, continued in an almost uninterrupted succession of small outbreaks; and when these were hardly spent, a new wave started from south to north after the siege of Naples in 1528. The most important episode in the conquest of Europe by typhus occurred at about this time in Hungary. Ever since that time typhus has remained endemic in Hungary, the Balkan States, and the adjoining territories of Poland and Russia. In describing the events which permitted typhus fever to overrun the European Continent during the seventeenth century we confine ourselves to major episodes. Typhus and plague were again scattered far and wide. Typhus had raised the siege and had forced both armies to retreat without battle. In the early epidemiological records of England there is no evidence that typhus fever existed before it had become firmly established on the Continent.
