ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses in general terms some principles which also ought often to be explicitly taken into account in consideration—whether judicial or philosophical—of apportionment and representative selection. These principles are: Communications Area, Culture and Social Group, Interest, Tradition, Legislative Efficiency and Efficacy, and Social Invention: Improved Methods of Voting and Representative Selection. The chapter considers changing legislative bodies, election practices, and constitutional provisions. In some of the newer nations, different tribes as such have rights to legal and political representation; for historical reasons, there has been an effort in India to provide representative rights to outcastes and certain lower castes. Although American practice has demonstrated a certain amount of ad hoc political inventiveness, very few efforts have been made at the state or national level to develop procedures of election and selection which would enable us to realize the wide variety of relevant values.
