ABSTRACT
For example, Latino students were first asked if they identified as Latino or Hispanic, and then asked to check the applicable boxes on whether they identified as American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, or white. To increase their enrollments of under-represented African American, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Hispanic students, the Big Three implemented affirmative action plans, although they may have capped the admission of Asian Americans who applied in growing numbers during the 1980s. Of the 2,066 admitted (1,127 men and 939 women), 730, or 35.33 percent, were minorities: 336 Asian Americans, 186 African Americans, 67 Mexican Americans, 34 Puerto Ricans, 69 other Hispanics, 16 Native Americans, and 22 other minorities. Harvard had no. recruited Native Americans until the 1970s, but it was happy to publicize that, in May 2011, it graduated its first Wampanoag, Tiffany Smalley, since 1665, the year that the last Wampanoag, Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck, received his degree. Spreading its recruitment efforts nationwide, Harvard admitted 9.8 percent African Americans, 10.3 percent Latinos, 1.6 percent Native Americans, and 18.9 percent Asian Americans. In contrast, the University of California at Berkeley enrolled in its freshman class less than 4 percent African Americans, just 12 percent Hispanic Americans, 1 percent Native Americans, and 41 percent Asian Americans, reducing the percentage of whites to 31 percent.
