ABSTRACT
Confucius, as the Western world was to call Master K'ung Chung, may have been fussy about points of dress and etiquette from the first just because he was "without rank and in humble circumstances." For Confucius had a message to impart, a message of a happy society founded on benevolent government, and he wished not only to preach it but to practice it. Confucius therefore embarked on "the rectification of names," since it was essential to ensure that the title and the reality were one—it was already painfully clear that the chaotic condition of the Middle Kingdom arose from the failure of dukes to behave like dukes, and ministers like ministers. As Confucius well knew, there were no women and old men aboard when a duke rode onto some field of doom with one man on his left carrying his bow and arrows and another on his right carrying his spears and lances.
