ABSTRACT
Nativist efforts to limit immigration, increasingly active as Eastern and Southern Europe replaced Northern Europe as sources of most new arrivals, gained even more success when linked to the alleged radicalism of the immigrants. Bearing in mind that many of those in the English and Jewish language federation should be distributed among the tsarist and Eastern European groups, it is still apparent that some federations never provided much national party leadership. The Communist Party of the United States of America has been carefully studied by a host of academics and journalists. Somewhat more than one-third of the 212 central committee members in our sample were foreign-born—almost 40 percent of the 200 for whom we have data on birthplace. While there are no reliable statistics available after this period, it is clear that the native-born percentage increased through the 1940s and early 1950s.
