ABSTRACT
On the other side of the political spectrum, there arose another form of socialism in the nineteenth century that served as the chief political rival of the Nazis during their rise to power but also represented the same type of enlightened animus toward the Judeo-Christian tradition. Karl Marx was born in the Prussian city of Tier on May 5, 1818. There were a number of influences that shaped the basic orientation of Marx's and Friedrich Engel's philosophy, but none of them proved more decisive than the work of Georg Hegel, the most celebrated philosopher of the era. Ludwig Feuerbach provided the most scintillating and incisive criticism of Hegelian idealism for atheists in the mid-nineteenth century. The First International represented proletarian interests as a whole, rejecting all national and ethnocentric commitments, and turned Marxism into a worldwide phenomenon, which threatened the world order of allegiance to the many state governments.
