ABSTRACT
This chapter describes a salient point in the evolution of the Western attitude toward modern science, as it has recently came about. The Unity of Science movement developed in the earlier part of the twentieth century in Central Europe but eventually, under the pressures of war and dislocation, spread to England and America. The basis of most of the philosophy of science prior to the counterrevolution was empiricist and effectively positivistic, for the major influences such as Carnap and Phillip Frank had come across from Europe and established themselves in the United States and England. In using the history of science rather than inductive logic as the basis for understanding modern science, Thomas Kuhn’s theory came in direct conflict with the major thesis of Vienna Circle positivism, namely that there is a demarcation between science and metaphysics.
