ABSTRACT
Organizations are the scaffolding of modern urban America. Most daily activities take place in or around complex, formal organizations (for an early recognition of this, see Turk 1977). In the modern city, both the number and size of public and private organizations have increased. These complex organi zations sustain high levels of social interactions and a desirable standard of liv ing. However, the diverse and fragmented context of these organizations raises difficult questions of governance. Governance is the coordination of all local organizations to achieve outcomes that are in the interest of the current and future community.1
