ABSTRACT

There are three fundamental modalities of existence: an impossible being or event cannot exist or happen; a merely possible being or event can exist or happen and can not-exist or not-happen; and a necessary being or event can exist or happen and cannot not-exist or not-happen. The question to be asked is, if and how they can each be instantiated in reality, that is, if anything can exist of the relevant sort. We go from one antecedent cause to another, from one law to another and more general one, from one particular end or purpose to a more inclusive one without ever finding something that logically completes these regresses or progresses. Whatever else the Absolute may be, it must exist necessarily for otherwise something else would be required to explain its existence and thus it would not be the Absolute after all. We know that somewhere and somehow there is at least one possible candidate for that role.