ABSTRACT
The limited but pervasive differentiation constituted those "external" conditions which were necessary for the institutionalization of the major features of the political systems of the societies examined that is, a centralized polity of bureaucratic administration, channels of political struggle, and differentiated political activities. The same social conditions which created the problems and needs have enumerated also gave rise, in the historical bureaucratic societies, several new, distinctive types of regulative mechanisms. This chapter explains the central part of authors’ hypothesis, that is, the explanation of the relation between the major "external" conditions and the institutionalization of the major features of the political systems of the centralized bureaucratic empires. Continuous administrative organizations developed that were at least partially staffed by professional personnel whose activities were regulated, to greater or lesser degree, by mechanisms independent of other groups.
