ABSTRACT
It is extremely important to note that the horde or "family" existed before the criminal law and its punishments. The prototype for the obedience model was punishment used within the primal family: punishment required to maintain obedience. As civilization developed, different institutions of control emerged, resulting in different kinds of punishments and systems of punishments which became applicable to each. Excessive punishment of slaves was then discouraged and flogging of female slaves which resulted in death within thirty days was made unlawful. Women, children, and slaves have enjoyed throughout history an intimate relationship. It is significant that most of the English-speaking world retains corporal punishment of school children. Beheading was the summary punishment for soldiers caught without arms, standard-bearers without standards, or soldiers quitting their posts. A soldier would commit an offense, a court-martial would be held among a group of officers, and the punishment would be meted out promptly.
