ABSTRACT
Wickliffe Rose used to say that he was primarily interested in "backing brains." Since 1914, when the system was initiated, the award of fellowships on an international basis has constituted in The Rockefeller Foundation the most important single device for the training of competent personnel for intellectual leadership. The total results of the program in terms of intellectual leadership and constructive achievement have been gratifying beyond anything that was contemplated when the fellowship system was inaugurated. The Rockefeller Foundation program for European refugee scholars began in 1933 and ended, with the cessation of hostilities, in 1945. Altogether, the Foundation expended nearly a million and a half dollars for this purpose and aided 303 individual scholars. The enrichment of American scholarship as a result of this migration can scarcely be overstated.
