ABSTRACT
Muscular activity belongs to the group of factors closely related to adaptation processes in the organism. Every exercise triggers acute adaptation processes necessary to adjust body functions to the corresponding level of elevated energy metabolism. Systematic repetitions of exercises induce long-term stable adaptation that is founded on structural and metabolic changes, making possible increased functional capacities. The nonspecific character of adaptation is expressed by the theory of W.B. Cannon about the emergency function of the sympatho-adrenal system. L.A. Orbeli discussed the adaptive-trophic function of sympathic innervation. The nonspecific adaptation responses constitute the mechanism of general adaptation. Structural and functional changes developing in the organism of an athlete during prolonged periods of training express long-term adaptation. Adaptive processes cannot be limited by specific homeostatic reactions. In many cases nonspecific alterations, independent of the specific nature of the activity, are observable. Thereby the nature of training exercises determines the locuses for long-term adaptational changes.
