Dry mix soil-cement walls: An application for mitigation of earthquake ground deformations in soft or liquefiable soils

The design concept and results of analyses associated with the use of soil-cement walls as the foundation support for a large culvert underlain by soft clays and liquefiable sands are described. Design challenges included the need to demonstrate satisfactory performance during a severe earthquake and to develop an in-situ test methodology for acceptable quality control on strength and ductility of the soil-cement.