ABSTRACT
This chapter examines an extensive range of examples of workers' participation and control which, by contrast with the practices examined earlier, have risen on the basis of the initiatives of working people. The origins of values among working people are, of course, central to analyses of the nature of social classes and of their evolution in modern industrial societies. In general, investigations into workers' values have been channelled in four principal directions each having important implications for the orientations of employees to the issue of workers' participation and control. These have been: first, that of workers' attitudes to trade unionism and to the legitimacy accredited to various union activities; second, that of 'orientations' to work which reflect community as much as work influences; third, that concerned with workers' 'images of society', and finally, within educational sociology, that which has focused on linguistic codes and the link these provide between social class, power, and perception.
