ABSTRACT
The Mudejars of Iberia experienced deteriorating conditions after the thirteenth century. After the Jews were expelled in 1492, conditions became even worse. Finally, during the period 1609–1614, the remaining Muslims were expelled. Some of the expelled Muslims fled to the port cities of North Africa, where they became corsairs for the Regencies, the term given to the realms of Tunis, Algiers, and Tripoli. The Ottomans aided these powers to challenge Spain for supremacy in the western Mediterranean. During the period 1500–1750, the Sudan (the belt across Africa between the Sahara and the rain forest) became Islamized.
