ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces genetic concepts that have emerged since the beginning of the millennium. In 2004, the euchromatic portion of the human genome sequence was finished and the “near-complete” human genome sequence was ready to use. Genomes of other species, beginning with the mouse, became available as well. Since then, rapid progress in technology has greatly altered the landscape. The Human Genome Project was on in the US, and in conjunction with international partners. Genomes of other species, beginning with the mouse became available as well. Since then, rapid progress in technology has greatly altered the landscape. For many decades, researchers made maps of gene locations to use as tools for finding the genes that were responsible for diseases, defects, or phenotypic traits of interest. As genome sequencing became more accessible, single nucleotide polymorphism markers reflecting common genetic variation accumulated more rapidly.
