ABSTRACT
Physical activity and exercise are complex behaviors driven by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Attitudes, perceived barriers, enjoyment, self-efficacy, and self-motivation have all been associated with exercise adherence. Various theoretical frameworks explain the association between these concepts and exercise adherence or dropout in different ways. Like most dietary interventions, exercise programs are generally effective when people stick to them, and the best way to increase intervention efficacy is through improved adherence. Adherence can be defined as completion of or compliance with a prescribed protocol or course of action. Exercise prescription is a largely a one-size-fits-all undertaking, with the argument being that “exercise is good for everyone.” Nevertheless, significant variability has been observed in response to exercise training, with some individuals experiencing negative, rather than positive effects of exercise, depending on the outcome being studied. Of all the ways in which genetic information may be utilized to improve health, genetic risk prediction is among the most straightforward.
