ABSTRACT
Urologic abnormalities often overlap with gynecologic issues in the pediatric population. This chapter focuses on topics in pediatric urology that are relevant to the pediatric and adolescent gynecologist. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children/adolescents. Many misdiagnoses of UTIs are due to inadequate or incorrect urine collection. Febrile UTIs (fUTIs) may be associated with vesicoureteral reflux or other anatomic anomalies, which may lead to chronic kidney disease and renal scarring. The chapter also focuses on fUTI/pyelonephritis. Screening for renal dysfunction should be performed in cases of fUTI/pyelonephritis. All children who present with fUTI should have basic urinary tract imaging. The fUTI guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics were published in 2011 and are targeted for children aged 2–24 months, although they are often applied to other age groups. If the patient presents with a fUTI, urgent incision of the ureterocele may be required.
