ABSTRACT
Chapter 3 examines place and identity in Xican@ (Mexican-origin who identify as indigenous) hip hop and how Xican@ emcees develop an anti-colonial aesthetics employing a rhetorical reclamation of land/space and indigeneity that connect Xican@s of the 21st-century urban United States with our indigenous elders and ancestors. That Xican@ emcees struggle for and promote indigenous ways of being, seeing, and understanding means that they would oppose colonialism, capitalism, and private property. I examine the degree to which they express and embody these struggles and where they may fall short, especially as concerns gender/sex. Xicana hip hop practitioners challenge male anti-colonialism and offer important insight into the consequences of colonialism and capitalism that male perspectives often miss.
