ABSTRACT
There is a rich literature available on the various ways for reducing energy consumption of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although clustering of sensor nodes is proven to be more energy efficient than the traditional WSNs, the cluster-based architecture is very much dependent on the cluster heads (CHs). The CHs die quickly due to extra workload. Moreover, with imbalance of the load, some overloaded CHs may die faster than the other CHs. In recent years, many clustering and routing algorithms have been developed following the centralized approach. Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is a popular distributed cluster-based routing algorithm. Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation (SPIN) is the first data-centric adaptive routing protocol where, the sensor nodes broadcast an advertisement for the available data and wait for a request from interested sinks. Directed diffusion (DD) is a data-centric routing scheme where the sink broadcasts the interest queries.
