ABSTRACT
This chapter presents clustering and routing algorithms based on evolutionary approaches, namely Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Global search metaheuristics are population-based metaheuristics which include evolutionary computation, genetic algorithms, and PSO. Metaheuristic algorithms can be classified as local search vs. global search. The GA based approach can work for both the equal and unequal load of the sensor nodes. A sensor node is considered as active if its existing energy is not zero and also there must be at least one gateway within its communication range. The edges between the sensor nodes and the gateways indicate that the gateways are within communication range of the sensor nodes. Meta-heuristic algorithms are one of the most popular substitutes for solving NP-hard optimization problems over classical optimization techniques that are based on mathematical and dynamic programming.
