ABSTRACT

There are many controversies surrounding the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their effects on human health and the environment. At this stage, the scientific evidence of the consequences of their use is not conclusive. Regulators play an important role in providing for oversight of issues in their scope of activity for the benefit of the public at large. In order to fulfill their duty, their expertise should be used to conduct investigations and audits and to enforce standards and provide for safety. In this chapter, we will discuss the different approaches taken by the USA and the European Union in regard to GMO regulation. Within the discussion and understanding of the existing regulation, the factors that led each system to adopt different standards will be investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of GMOs will be also discussed. The global demand for food production is estimated to increase by 70% by 2050 (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2009). Proponents of GMOs view biotechnology as necessary to meet this demand. However, consumers continue to be distrustful of GMO foods, insisting on non-GMO foods and full disclosure of food content. A recommendation is made for regulations to be based on precautionary principles while balancing producer and industry perspectives.