ABSTRACT
Uranium is a radionuclide, which can be used as an abundant source of nuclear energy. It is widespread in many rocks, groundwater, and ocean. However, like other metals, it is seldom sufficiently concentrated to be economically recoverable. Physicochemical methods such as precipitation, oxidation/reduction, solid/liquid separation, membrane technology, and ion exchange though are effective; these processes not only are expensive but also lead to secondary pollution. On the other hand, using microbial biomass to harness uranium will be of an effective and economic alternative. The present report delineates the marine cyanobacteria–radionuclide interaction with a systematic approach through both metabolism-dependent and metabolism-independent mechanisms. This report strengthens the concept that a combination of several mechanisms, such as adsorption, ion exchange, complexation, coordination, or each functioning independently, can contribute to the overall metal sequestration. There is growing recognition that marine cyanobacteria can play a critical role in many bioremediation processes especially in heavy metal sequestration. This biotechnological process can be economical and eco-friendly not leading to secondary pollution, which could be a promising technology in larger-scale applications. The important future perspectives are required for the successful application of biosorption technology.
