ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an overview of the unit processes in the smelting and refining of iron and steel. It highlights the types and categories of metallurgical wastes produced in the respective unit processes. The chapter also provides an overview of the recycling and/or reuse opportunities of the various metallurgical wastes. It describes the current practices and trends in terms of waste reduction, recycling and reuse in the iron and steel sector. The chapter discusses the typical challenges and binding constraints associated with such waste valorization measures. It also discusses the valorization potential of steelmaking wastes in terms of metal recovery, in-process recycling challenges, as well as the reuse opportunities within and outside the steelmaking plant. It addresses the raw materials, process chemistry, technology and operation of the typical unit processes utilized in the refining of steel products.
